Revitalising aging infrastructure - the growing need for hydropower modernisation in Asia - International Hydropower Association (IHA)
Published December 20, 2025
Revitalizing Aging Infrastructure: The Increasing Demand for Hydropower Modernization in Asia
The International Hydropower Association (IHA) has highlighted a pressing concern in the renewable energy sector: the modernization of aging hydropower infrastructure across Asia. As countries in the region strive to meet growing energy demands while transitioning to sustainable energy sources, the need to upgrade existing hydropower facilities has become increasingly urgent.
Current State of Hydropower in Asia
Hydropower has long been a cornerstone of Asia's energy landscape, contributing significantly to electricity generation. In 2020, hydropower accounted for approximately 16% of the total electricity generation in Asia, with countries like China, India, and Indonesia leading the way. China alone had an installed hydropower capacity of over 370 gigawatts (GW), making it the largest producer of hydropower in the world.
However, many of these facilities are aging, with some built over 50 years ago. As a result, many hydropower plants are facing challenges related to efficiency, safety, and environmental impacts. The IHA's report indicates that nearly 40% of hydropower plants in Asia are over 30 years old, highlighting the need for modernization to ensure they can continue to operate effectively and sustainably.
Challenges of Aging Infrastructure
The challenges posed by aging hydropower infrastructure are multifaceted. One significant issue is the decrease in operational efficiency. Older plants often operate below their designed capacity due to outdated technology and equipment. This inefficiency not only affects energy output but also impacts the overall economics of hydropower generation.
Additionally, aging infrastructure poses safety risks. Many older dams and turbines require regular maintenance and upgrades to meet current safety standards. The IHA emphasizes that failure to address these issues could lead to catastrophic failures, which could have devastating consequences for nearby communities and the environment.
Environmental considerations are also paramount. As environmental regulations become more stringent, older hydropower plants may not comply with current standards for fish passage, water quality, and ecosystem preservation. Modernization efforts can address these concerns by integrating new technologies that enhance environmental performance.
Modernization Initiatives and Benefits
Recognizing the urgent need for upgrades, various countries in Asia have initiated modernization projects aimed at revitalizing their hydropower infrastructure. These initiatives often include the replacement of aging turbines, the installation of advanced monitoring systems, and the implementation of more efficient water management practices.
For instance, in India, the government has launched the National Hydropower Policy, which encourages the modernization of existing plants and incentivizes investment in new technologies. This policy aims to enhance the efficiency of hydropower generation and reduce the environmental impact of existing facilities.
In China, the focus has been on upgrading the operational capabilities of older dams through the use of advanced digital technologies. This includes the integration of artificial intelligence and data analytics to monitor performance and optimize operations. Such modernization efforts are expected to increase energy production while minimizing environmental impacts.
Investment and Financing for Modernization
Investment in hydropower modernization is crucial for the sustainability of the sector. According to the IHA, an estimated $50 billion is needed for the modernization of existing hydropower plants across Asia over the next decade. This investment is essential not only for maintaining energy security but also for achieving climate goals set by various countries.
Financing modernization projects can be challenging, as they often require significant upfront capital. However, innovative financing mechanisms, including public-private partnerships and green bonds, are being explored to facilitate investment in hydropower upgrades. These mechanisms can help attract private sector investment while ensuring that modernization efforts align with environmental sustainability goals.
Regional Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing
Collaboration among countries in Asia is vital for addressing the challenges of hydropower modernization. The IHA has called for increased regional cooperation to share best practices, technologies, and experiences related to hydropower infrastructure upgrades. By fostering knowledge exchange, countries can learn from each other's successes and failures, ultimately leading to more effective modernization strategies.
Regional initiatives, such as the Asian Development Bank's (ADB) support for hydropower projects, are also contributing to the modernization efforts. The ADB has been actively involved in financing hydropower projects across Asia, emphasizing the importance of sustainable practices and environmental stewardship in the development of hydropower resources.
Conclusion
The need for hydropower modernization in Asia is becoming increasingly critical as countries work to balance energy demands with sustainability goals. Aging infrastructure presents significant challenges, but with concerted efforts in investment, regional collaboration, and the adoption of advanced technologies, the potential for revitalizing hydropower facilities is promising.
As Asia continues to lead in hydropower generation, the modernization of existing plants will be essential for ensuring the long-term viability of this renewable energy source. By addressing the challenges of aging infrastructure, countries can enhance energy efficiency, improve safety, and minimize environmental impacts, paving the way for a sustainable energy future.
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