Op-Ed: Redefining energy security in Southeast Asia: Renewables, not fossil gas, are key to net zero - NewClimate Institute
Published November 23, 2025
Redefining Energy Security in Southeast Asia: The Role of Renewables in Achieving Net Zero
In recent years, the concept of energy security has evolved significantly, particularly in Southeast Asia. As nations grapple with the pressing challenges of climate change and energy demand, a critical reassessment of energy sources is necessary. The focus is shifting towards renewable energy as the cornerstone of energy security, rather than relying on fossil gas. This transition is essential for reaching net-zero emissions targets and ensuring a sustainable future for the region.
The energy landscape in Southeast Asia is undergoing rapid transformation. The region is home to some of the fastest-growing economies in the world, leading to an increasing demand for energy. In this context, fossil fuels have historically played a dominant role in energy supply. However, the environmental consequences of fossil fuel consumption, coupled with the urgency of climate action, necessitate a pivot towards cleaner energy sources.
According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), Southeast Asia's energy demand is projected to grow by 60% by 2040. This surge in demand poses significant challenges for energy security, particularly as countries seek to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability. The reliance on fossil gas, while often viewed as a cleaner alternative to coal, still presents substantial risks, including price volatility, supply disruptions, and greenhouse gas emissions.
In contrast, renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower offer a more stable and sustainable solution. The region is endowed with abundant renewable resources, making it well-positioned to harness these technologies. For instance, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) estimates that Southeast Asia could generate up to 60% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030. This transition not only aligns with global climate goals but also enhances energy security by diversifying energy supply and reducing dependence on imported fuels.
Furthermore, the technological advancements in renewable energy have significantly lowered costs, making it more competitive with traditional fossil fuels. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for solar and wind has decreased dramatically over the past decade. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the global weighted-average LCOE for solar photovoltaics fell by 89% between 2010 and 2020, while onshore wind costs dropped by 70%. These trends are reflected in Southeast Asia, where countries like Vietnam and Thailand are rapidly expanding their renewable energy capacity.
Transitioning to renewable energy also presents substantial economic opportunities for Southeast Asian nations. The renewable energy sector is labor-intensive, creating jobs in manufacturing, installation, and maintenance. A report by IRENA indicates that the renewable energy sector employed over 11 million people globally in 2018, with significant growth potential in Southeast Asia. By investing in renewables, countries can stimulate economic growth while simultaneously addressing unemployment and energy access issues.
Moreover, the integration of renewables into the energy mix can enhance energy resilience. Natural disasters, which are increasingly common due to climate change, can disrupt energy supply chains and infrastructure. By decentralizing energy production through local renewable sources, countries can improve their resilience to such shocks. Distributed energy systems, such as rooftop solar panels, can provide communities with greater energy independence and security.
However, the transition to renewable energy is not without challenges. Regulatory frameworks and policies must evolve to support the growth of the renewable sector. Governments in Southeast Asia need to establish clear and stable policies that promote investment in renewables while phasing out subsidies for fossil fuels. Additionally, grid infrastructure must be upgraded to accommodate the increasing share of renewables, which can be variable in nature.
Collaboration among regional governments, private sector stakeholders, and international organizations is essential to facilitate this transition. Initiatives such as the ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation (APAEC) provide a framework for enhancing energy cooperation and promoting the adoption of renewable technologies across the region. By working together, Southeast Asian countries can share best practices, pool resources, and create a more integrated energy market that supports the transition to renewables.
In conclusion, redefining energy security in Southeast Asia requires a decisive shift towards renewable energy sources. As the region faces mounting energy demands and the urgent need for climate action, investing in renewables will not only enhance energy security but also drive economic growth and resilience. The path to net-zero emissions is clear: Southeast Asia must prioritize renewable energy over fossil gas to secure a sustainable future for its people and the planet.