Clean energy in APAC: balancing net zero, gas and nuclear - Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.
Published December 03, 2025
Clean Energy in the Asia-Pacific Region: Navigating the Path to Net Zero with Gas and Nuclear
The Asia-Pacific (APAC) region is at a critical juncture in its energy transition, as nations strive to achieve net-zero emissions while balancing the use of natural gas and nuclear power. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) has been actively involved in this dialogue, emphasizing the importance of a diverse energy mix to meet the region's growing energy demands while adhering to climate commitments.
As countries in the APAC region work towards their net-zero targets, they face unique challenges. The International Energy Agency (IEA) has projected that global energy demand will increase by 30% by 2040. This surge in demand necessitates a careful examination of energy sources and their environmental impacts. Natural gas and nuclear energy are positioned as essential components of the energy mix that can support the transition to cleaner energy systems.
Natural Gas: A Transitional Fuel
Natural gas has been identified as a key transitional fuel that can help bridge the gap between fossil fuels and renewable energy sources. It emits approximately 50% less carbon dioxide than coal when burned for electricity generation. As countries in the APAC region phase out coal-fired power plants, natural gas is increasingly seen as a viable alternative that can provide reliable energy while reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
For instance, Japan has been actively increasing its reliance on natural gas in the wake of the Fukushima disaster in 2011, which led to a significant reduction in nuclear power generation. The country has become one of the largest importers of liquefied natural gas (LNG) globally, with imports reaching 83 million tons in 2020. This shift has allowed Japan to stabilize its energy supply while working towards its long-term climate goals.
However, the use of natural gas is not without challenges. The APAC region must address issues related to methane emissions, which can occur during the extraction, transportation, and storage of natural gas. Efforts to improve infrastructure and technologies to minimize these emissions are essential for ensuring that natural gas remains a sustainable part of the energy mix.
Nuclear Energy: A Low-Carbon Solution
Nuclear power is another critical component of the APAC energy landscape. It provides a stable and low-carbon source of electricity, making it an attractive option for countries striving to reduce their carbon footprints. According to the World Nuclear Association, nuclear power currently accounts for about 10% of the global electricity supply, with significant contributions from countries like China, Japan, and South Korea.
China is leading the way in nuclear energy expansion, with plans to increase its nuclear capacity from 50 gigawatts (GW) in 2020 to 70 GW by 2025. This ambitious growth is driven by the need to reduce air pollution and meet the country’s increasing energy demands. Nuclear energy is seen as a crucial element in achieving China's goal of reaching carbon neutrality by 2060.
In Japan, the government is working to restart nuclear reactors that were shut down after the Fukushima disaster. The country aims to have nuclear power contribute to 20-22% of its energy mix by 2030. This shift reflects a broader recognition of the role that nuclear energy can play in achieving energy security and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Balancing Renewable Energy Integration
While natural gas and nuclear power are essential for a balanced energy strategy, the integration of renewable energy sources remains a priority for the APAC region. Solar and wind energy are rapidly expanding, with investment in these sectors increasing significantly over the past decade. According to the IEA, renewable energy capacity in the APAC region is expected to grow by 60% by 2025, driven by falling costs and supportive government policies.
However, the intermittent nature of renewable energy generation presents challenges for grid stability and reliability. To address these challenges, countries are exploring various solutions, including energy storage technologies, demand response systems, and flexible power generation from gas and nuclear sources. These strategies can help ensure a reliable energy supply while maximizing the benefits of renewable energy.
Policy Frameworks and International Cooperation
The successful transition to a sustainable energy future in the APAC region requires robust policy frameworks and international cooperation. Governments must establish clear regulations and incentives that encourage investment in clean energy technologies, while also promoting research and development in emerging areas such as carbon capture and storage (CCS) and advanced nuclear reactors.
Collaboration among countries in the region is also vital. Initiatives such as the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) provide platforms for sharing best practices and fostering partnerships in renewable energy development. By working together, countries can leverage their strengths and resources to accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy.
Conclusion: A Path Forward
The Asia-Pacific region stands at a pivotal moment in its energy transition journey. Balancing the roles of natural gas, nuclear power, and renewable energy sources is essential for achieving net-zero emissions while ensuring energy security and economic growth. As countries navigate this complex landscape, the involvement of industry leaders like Mitsubishi Heavy Industries will be crucial in driving innovation and supporting the development of sustainable energy solutions.
In summary, the APAC region's approach to clean energy must be multifaceted, incorporating a mix of technologies and strategies. By embracing a diverse energy portfolio, countries can work towards a sustainable future that meets the needs of their populations while addressing the urgent challenge of climate change.