CO25239 | Between Ambition and Implementation: Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions in Southeast Asia - S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS)

Published December 10, 2025

Between Ambition and Implementation: Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions in Southeast Asia

The transition towards renewable energy in Southeast Asia is a critical topic that has garnered significant attention from policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders alike. The region faces unique challenges and opportunities in its pursuit of sustainable energy solutions. As countries in Southeast Asia strive to meet their energy needs while addressing climate change, the emphasis on just and inclusive energy transitions becomes increasingly important.

The S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS) has published a comprehensive report titled "Between Ambition and Implementation: Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions in Southeast Asia," which examines the current state of energy transitions in the region. The report highlights the need for equitable energy access, the importance of local communities in the transition process, and the role of government policies in facilitating these changes.

Current Energy Landscape in Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia is home to a diverse array of countries, each with its own unique energy landscape. The region has been characterized by rapid economic growth, which has led to an increasing demand for energy. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), Southeast Asia's energy demand is projected to grow by 60% between 2020 and 2040. This growth presents both challenges and opportunities for renewable energy development.

Currently, fossil fuels dominate the energy mix in Southeast Asia, accounting for approximately 80% of total energy consumption. However, there is a growing recognition of the need to transition to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower. The region possesses abundant renewable resources, with significant potential for solar energy, particularly in countries like Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines.

Challenges to Energy Transition

Despite the potential for renewable energy development, several challenges hinder the transition process in Southeast Asia. One of the primary obstacles is the existing reliance on fossil fuels, which are often subsidized by governments. These subsidies can create a disincentive for the adoption of renewable energy technologies, as they make fossil fuels artificially inexpensive.

Another challenge is the lack of infrastructure and investment in renewable energy projects. Many countries in the region face issues related to grid connectivity, energy storage, and financing for renewable projects. Additionally, regulatory frameworks and policies may not be conducive to the growth of the renewable energy sector, leading to uncertainty for investors and developers.

Importance of Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions

The concept of just and inclusive energy transitions is essential for ensuring that the benefits of renewable energy development are equitably distributed among all segments of society. This approach emphasizes the need for policies that not only promote renewable energy adoption but also address social and economic inequalities.

In Southeast Asia, vulnerable communities often bear the brunt of environmental degradation and climate change impacts. Therefore, it is crucial to involve these communities in the decision-making processes related to energy transitions. Engaging local populations can help ensure that their needs and concerns are addressed, leading to more sustainable and equitable energy solutions.

Policy Recommendations

The RSIS report outlines several policy recommendations aimed at facilitating just and inclusive energy transitions in Southeast Asia. These recommendations include:

• Enhancing Regulatory Frameworks: Governments should develop clear and supportive regulatory frameworks that encourage renewable energy investment and development. This includes streamlining permitting processes and providing incentives for renewable energy projects.
• Promoting Local Participation: Policymakers should actively involve local communities in energy planning and decision-making processes. This can be achieved through public consultations and stakeholder engagement initiatives.
• Increasing Investment in Renewable Energy: To attract investment in renewable energy, governments should create conducive environments for private sector participation. This may involve establishing public-private partnerships and providing financial support for renewable energy projects.
• Addressing Energy Poverty: Efforts should be made to ensure that marginalized and vulnerable communities have access to affordable and reliable energy. This can be achieved through targeted social programs and subsidies for renewable energy technologies.
• Strengthening Regional Cooperation: Southeast Asian countries should collaborate on regional energy initiatives to share best practices, technologies, and resources. This can enhance the overall effectiveness of energy transitions across the region.

Case Studies and Best Practices

Several countries in Southeast Asia have already begun implementing successful renewable energy initiatives that can serve as models for others in the region. For instance, Thailand has made significant strides in solar energy adoption through its Feed-in Tariff (FiT) program, which incentivizes the development of solar power projects. This program has led to a rapid increase in solar capacity and has provided economic opportunities for local communities.

Similarly, Vietnam has emerged as a leader in renewable energy, particularly in solar and wind power. The government has set ambitious targets for renewable energy development, aiming to achieve 20% of its energy mix from renewables by 2030. The success of Vietnam's renewable energy sector can be attributed to supportive policies, investment incentives, and a strong commitment to sustainable development.

Conclusion

The transition to renewable energy in Southeast Asia is not only a necessity for addressing climate change but also an opportunity to promote social equity and inclusivity. By adopting just and inclusive energy transition strategies, countries in the region can ensure that the benefits of renewable energy are accessible to all, particularly marginalized and vulnerable communities.

The recommendations outlined in the RSIS report provide a roadmap for policymakers to navigate the complexities of energy transitions. By enhancing regulatory frameworks, promoting local participation, increasing investment, addressing energy poverty, and strengthening regional cooperation, Southeast Asia can make significant progress towards a sustainable and equitable energy future.

As the region continues to grapple with the challenges of energy demand and climate change, the commitment to a just and inclusive energy transition will be crucial in shaping a sustainable future for Southeast Asia.

Sources

• https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMizwFBVV95cUxPcGs5ZFhnenJiWmxZUEF2WlFmSU1fXzBPbDBpUWtib0pkTEVVcHhIWmd2U0NmRjl0RDZ3YjhmcjA1N2hjazF3VDJ3UVRMMDh5S1JPOWFEaHNtVktLSnJSczFEWU4tMFo4cWZsMmtWT2FZYVZVZERsLUM5S19tOEJOcnZWZVl0V1RwWDMtTWhCTkdzTGNxb0pUWE91ZXdVdFQ4TnRzZndWeHk3UjZrR1FaYzRhMFZHb0JWekZpMDNpUEhzcm9fR0dET0Rla0hkOHM?oc=5

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Japan should unveil a ‘Green Master Plan’ for Central Asia - The Japan Times

Published December 10, 2025

Japan's Opportunity to Develop a Green Master Plan for Central Asia

As the world increasingly turns its attention to sustainable energy solutions, Japan has a unique opportunity to take the lead in developing a comprehensive 'Green Master Plan' for Central Asia. This initiative could significantly enhance cooperation in renewable energy and environmental sustainability in a region that is rich in natural resources yet faces numerous ecological challenges.

Central Asia, comprising countries such as Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, is endowed with vast energy resources, including significant reserves of fossil fuels and hydropower potential. However, the region also grapples with environmental issues such as water scarcity, desertification, and pollution, which are exacerbated by climate change. Japan's expertise in renewable energy technology and sustainable practices positions it as a key player in addressing these challenges.

Current Landscape of Renewable Energy in Central Asia

In recent years, Central Asian countries have made strides toward diversifying their energy sources and increasing the share of renewables in their energy mix. For instance, Kazakhstan aims to generate 50% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2050, while Uzbekistan has set a target of 30% by 2030. These ambitious goals reflect a growing recognition of the importance of sustainable energy in ensuring economic growth and environmental protection.

Despite these efforts, the region still relies heavily on fossil fuels, particularly natural gas and coal, which account for the majority of energy consumption. This reliance poses significant challenges, including increased greenhouse gas emissions and heightened vulnerability to global energy price fluctuations. Consequently, there is a pressing need for a coordinated approach to accelerate the transition to renewable energy and enhance energy security across Central Asia.

The Role of Japan in Central Asia's Energy Transition

Japan has long been recognized for its advanced technology and innovative approaches to energy efficiency and renewable energy development. With its experience in solar, wind, and geothermal energy, Japan can play a vital role in supporting Central Asian countries in their transition to a greener energy future. By sharing its technological expertise and best practices, Japan can help to build local capacity and foster sustainable development in the region.

Furthermore, Japan's commitment to international cooperation on climate change and sustainable development aligns well with the goals of Central Asian nations. By establishing a 'Green Master Plan,' Japan can facilitate collaboration on various renewable energy projects, including solar farms, wind parks, and hydropower plants. This plan could also encompass initiatives focused on energy efficiency, waste management, and sustainable agriculture, thereby addressing a wide range of environmental challenges.

Potential Benefits of a Green Master Plan

The implementation of a 'Green Master Plan' for Central Asia could yield numerous benefits for both the region and Japan. For Central Asian countries, increased investment in renewable energy could lead to enhanced energy security, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and improved public health outcomes. Additionally, the development of a green economy could create new job opportunities and stimulate economic growth.

For Japan, fostering strong partnerships in Central Asia could open up new markets for its renewable energy technologies and services. As countries around the world strive to meet their climate goals, Japan's leadership in sustainable energy could enhance its global standing and influence. Moreover, by investing in Central Asia's energy transition, Japan could contribute to regional stability and security, which are essential for fostering economic development.

Challenges and Considerations

While the prospects for a 'Green Master Plan' are promising, several challenges must be addressed to ensure its success. One significant hurdle is the need for substantial financial investment in renewable energy projects. Central Asian countries may require assistance in securing funding from international organizations, private investors, and development banks to support the development of their renewable energy infrastructure.

Additionally, the region's energy policies and regulatory frameworks need to be aligned with the goals of renewable energy expansion. Japan can play a crucial role in providing technical assistance and policy guidance to help Central Asian governments create conducive environments for renewable energy investments.

Another challenge is the need for regional cooperation among Central Asian countries. Given the interconnectedness of energy systems in the region, collaboration is essential for optimizing resource use and ensuring the efficient integration of renewable energy sources. Japan can facilitate dialogue and cooperation among Central Asian nations to promote a unified approach to energy transition.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Japan has a significant opportunity to lead the way in developing a 'Green Master Plan' for Central Asia, leveraging its expertise in renewable energy and sustainable practices. By fostering cooperation and investment in the region's energy transition, Japan can contribute to addressing pressing environmental challenges while enhancing its own economic prospects. The successful implementation of such a plan would not only benefit Central Asian countries but also serve as a model for other regions seeking to embrace sustainable energy solutions.

As the global community continues to confront the realities of climate change, collaborative efforts to promote renewable energy will be crucial. Japan's proactive engagement in Central Asia could pave the way for a greener, more sustainable future for the region and beyond.

Sources

• https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMinAFBVV95cUxPZ015SmhZUDAtb21Cb0VGMTAtUXNiaUhobXhNWnhEeGdHSVV1LXRfVmxWSS1YTXBFcDdvUDVtcjRJZjVHVkFfXzBlZFhGeGEwWnlwU2xYel9nOFgtUFA2eGhvb2hQZE93RDdYZXdUOWxaQ1F5am93ZXN6eDhfQW42Zjh1QTNNYWRQX3dCc2tqQTRWak5pMXZld0R5RE0?oc=5

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Southeast Asia Offshore Wind - The Herald Journal

Published December 10, 2025

Southeast Asia's Offshore Wind Potential

As the global demand for renewable energy continues to rise, Southeast Asia is rapidly emerging as a significant player in the offshore wind sector. The region, characterized by its vast coastlines and favorable wind conditions, presents a unique opportunity for harnessing wind energy. Recent studies indicate that Southeast Asia has the potential to generate up to 76 gigawatts (GW) of offshore wind energy by 2050, a figure that could significantly contribute to the region's energy security and sustainability goals.

Current Landscape of Offshore Wind in Southeast Asia

While offshore wind energy is a relatively nascent industry in Southeast Asia, several countries are making strides in this domain. Vietnam, for instance, has been at the forefront, with plans to develop over 10 GW of offshore wind capacity by 2030. The government has set ambitious targets, aiming to increase the share of renewable energy in the national power mix to 20% by 2030, with offshore wind playing a crucial role in achieving this goal.

In addition to Vietnam, other countries in the region are also exploring their offshore wind potential. The Philippines is currently assessing several sites for potential offshore wind projects, while Thailand has initiated pilot projects to evaluate the feasibility of offshore wind farms. Malaysia and Indonesia are also considering investments in offshore wind technology, recognizing the need to diversify their energy sources and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

Investment and Policy Framework

To unlock the potential of offshore wind energy, a robust investment and policy framework is essential. Governments in Southeast Asia are increasingly recognizing the importance of creating conducive environments for investment in renewable energy. For instance, Vietnam has introduced feed-in tariffs (FiTs) to incentivize investment in offshore wind projects, ensuring that developers receive a guaranteed price for the electricity generated.

Similarly, the Philippines has been working on policy reforms to streamline the permitting process for renewable energy projects, aiming to attract both domestic and foreign investments. Thailand's government has also expressed its commitment to renewable energy, with plans to allocate significant funds for research and development in offshore wind technology.

Challenges Facing Offshore Wind Development

Despite the promising outlook for offshore wind in Southeast Asia, several challenges must be addressed to realize its full potential. One of the primary obstacles is the lack of infrastructure and technology needed to support large-scale offshore wind projects. Many countries in the region currently lack the necessary port facilities and supply chains to facilitate the construction and maintenance of offshore wind farms.

Additionally, there are concerns regarding the environmental impact of offshore wind development, particularly in ecologically sensitive areas. It is crucial for governments and developers to conduct thorough environmental assessments and engage with local communities to ensure that offshore wind projects are implemented sustainably.

International Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing

To overcome these challenges, international collaboration and knowledge sharing will be vital. Countries in Southeast Asia can benefit from the experiences of more established offshore wind markets, such as Europe and North America. Collaborative efforts can include technology transfer, capacity building, and joint research initiatives aimed at addressing common challenges in offshore wind development.

Moreover, regional organizations and forums can play a significant role in facilitating dialogue and cooperation among Southeast Asian nations. By sharing best practices and lessons learned, countries can accelerate the development of offshore wind projects and enhance their collective energy security.

The Future of Offshore Wind in Southeast Asia

Looking ahead, the future of offshore wind in Southeast Asia appears promising. With the right investments, policies, and collaborative efforts, the region can harness its vast offshore wind resources to meet its energy needs sustainably. The transition to offshore wind energy not only presents an opportunity for cleaner energy generation but also has the potential to create jobs and stimulate economic growth in coastal communities.

As Southeast Asia continues to navigate the challenges posed by climate change and energy demand, offshore wind energy stands out as a viable solution. By prioritizing the development of this sector, the region can position itself as a leader in renewable energy and contribute to global efforts to combat climate change.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Southeast Asia's offshore wind potential is significant, with the capability to generate substantial amounts of clean energy. As countries in the region work towards realizing this potential, a concerted effort is needed to address existing challenges and create an enabling environment for investment. Through collaboration and knowledge sharing, Southeast Asia can unlock the benefits of offshore wind energy, paving the way for a more sustainable and resilient energy future.

Sources

• https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiqAFBVV95cUxNUzRncXRzWnRNdmNsbkpxcC1uZTY3SWd4QjlPOWJJMDF5ZVhaQUhHTVcxSlBabnhVekJpR0FDQXhnTG1ORE5KQmdCZ25yMFlPZVhxVkl0ME83S1ZTTjY3Rjdad3NnbnBXOThpZzh6aUpwV1YyX1E2Wm5DcU8yUXhMUEY0VXBPS3Q1YTVmd3V3XzRRTUlGRVMzZEFZYVpXQm96bzJnT25sWWs?oc=5

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Southeast Asia embraces offshore wind power, as Trump bashes renewable energy - AP News

Published December 10, 2025

Southeast Asia's Commitment to Offshore Wind Energy Amidst Global Challenges

Southeast Asia is witnessing a significant shift towards offshore wind energy, with countries in the region actively investing in this renewable energy source. This move comes at a time when global discussions surrounding renewable energy are becoming increasingly polarized, particularly in the United States, where former President Donald Trump has voiced strong opposition to renewable energy initiatives.

Countries such as Vietnam, Thailand, and the Philippines are leading the charge in offshore wind development, recognizing the potential of this energy source to contribute to their energy needs and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. The region is blessed with favorable wind conditions, making it an ideal location for offshore wind farms. According to a recent report, the offshore wind market in Southeast Asia is projected to reach nearly $16 billion by 2030, driven by government policies and the need for sustainable energy solutions.

Vietnam, in particular, is making substantial strides in offshore wind energy. The government has set an ambitious target of generating 7 GW of offshore wind power by 2030, with plans to increase this capacity to 24 GW by 2045. The country is currently developing several offshore wind projects, including the 3.4 GW La Gan Wind Farm, which is expected to be operational by 2023. This project, along with others, is expected to attract significant foreign investment, showcasing Vietnam's commitment to becoming a leader in renewable energy.

In Thailand, the government has also recognized the potential of offshore wind energy. The country aims to generate 3 GW of offshore wind power by 2037, with several projects already in the planning stages. The Thai government is working closely with private investors and international partners to develop these projects, which are expected to play a crucial role in achieving the country's renewable energy targets.

The Philippines is not far behind in its efforts to harness offshore wind energy. The country has identified several sites for potential wind farms and is currently working on developing the necessary infrastructure to support these projects. The Philippine government aims to generate 2.5 GW of offshore wind power by 2030, a goal that aligns with its broader renewable energy strategy.

As Southeast Asian countries invest in offshore wind energy, they are also focusing on the technological advancements needed to support this industry. Investments in research and development are crucial for improving the efficiency and reliability of offshore wind turbines. According to experts, advancements in turbine technology could lead to larger and more efficient turbines, which would significantly enhance energy output and reduce costs.

Despite the positive developments in Southeast Asia, the global renewable energy landscape faces challenges. In the United States, former President Donald Trump has been vocal in his criticism of renewable energy initiatives, arguing that they are detrimental to the economy and job creation. Trump's administration had rolled back several environmental regulations aimed at promoting renewable energy, which raised concerns among environmentalists and renewable energy advocates.

During his presidency, Trump frequently highlighted his support for traditional energy sources such as coal and natural gas, often dismissing the viability of renewables. His stance has sparked a significant debate in the U.S. regarding the future of energy policy and the transition to a low-carbon economy. The contrasting approaches between Southeast Asia's commitment to offshore wind and the U.S. political climate underscore the varying global perspectives on renewable energy.

In Southeast Asia, the push for offshore wind energy is not only about meeting energy demands but also about addressing climate change. The region is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, including rising sea levels and extreme weather events. By investing in renewable energy sources like offshore wind, these countries aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to global efforts to combat climate change.

Furthermore, the development of offshore wind energy in Southeast Asia presents economic opportunities. The sector is expected to create thousands of jobs in construction, operations, and maintenance. Local communities could benefit from increased investment and infrastructure development, leading to economic growth and improved livelihoods.

As the region moves forward with its offshore wind initiatives, collaboration between governments, private companies, and international organizations will be essential. This collaborative approach can help to overcome challenges related to financing, technology transfer, and regulatory frameworks. By working together, stakeholders can ensure that offshore wind projects are developed sustainably and effectively.

In conclusion, Southeast Asia is making significant strides in the adoption of offshore wind energy, positioning itself as a leader in the renewable energy sector. While the global discourse on renewable energy remains complex, with contrasting views in different regions, the commitment of Southeast Asian countries to harness offshore wind power reflects a proactive approach to energy transition and climate change mitigation. As these nations continue to develop their offshore wind capabilities, they not only contribute to their energy security but also to the global movement toward a sustainable future.

Sources

• https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMioAFBVV95cUxPcFZwZTZ0SUVwMExrR0FBSmhWblJTUDdzSVJsZEhpdDd3RHFlYWZRWjhiNkdmZE10NWRfcXFDQV9HaUFSeFZfTjZreXBaNTF0aTdqVW02aXlRbXlkY0RfSlpsMTBldXNSY0kwa1ZOVXFhNlNjQ21LTUpQZmlLSHpiMFBid3ZkZTJ4bG5pbmZXWjFQelUxRUpzS1hMUnBOeEVH?oc=5

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Southeast Asia embraces offshore wind power, as Trump bashes renewable energy - WKMG

Published December 10, 2025

Southeast Asia's Growing Commitment to Offshore Wind Energy

Southeast Asia is witnessing a significant shift towards offshore wind energy, a move that has gained momentum despite contrasting views on renewable energy from some political figures in the region. The embrace of offshore wind technology is seen as a vital step in addressing energy demands while promoting sustainability across the region.

Countries in Southeast Asia are increasingly recognizing the potential of offshore wind power as a reliable and clean energy source. With vast coastlines and favorable wind conditions, nations such as Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines are positioning themselves to harness this resource effectively. The transition to offshore wind energy is not only aimed at diversifying energy portfolios but also at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate change.

Vietnam's Ambitious Offshore Wind Plans

Vietnam stands out as a frontrunner in the region's offshore wind development. The government has set an ambitious target to generate 7,000 megawatts (MW) of offshore wind power by 2030. This goal is part of a broader strategy to increase the share of renewable energy in the national energy mix to 20% by the same year. The Vietnamese Ministry of Industry and Trade has been actively promoting investment in offshore wind projects, facilitating partnerships with international companies to accelerate development.

Several projects are already underway. For instance, the 3.4 GW Hai Long Offshore Wind Project, developed by a consortium including Canada’s Northland Power and Taiwan’s Yushan Energy, is expected to significantly contribute to Vietnam's renewable energy capacity. Additionally, the government is exploring the potential for floating wind farms, which could expand the areas suitable for wind energy generation beyond traditional fixed-bottom installations.

Indonesia's Expanding Wind Energy Sector

Indonesia, with its extensive archipelago, is also making strides in offshore wind energy. The Indonesian government has set a target of achieving 23% of its energy mix from renewable sources by 2025. Offshore wind power is seen as a crucial component of this strategy. The country has identified several sites for potential offshore wind projects, particularly in regions with high wind speeds, such as the northern coast of Java.

Recent developments include the initiation of feasibility studies for offshore wind farms, which aim to assess the viability of harnessing wind energy in these areas. The government has been working to create a regulatory framework that encourages private investment and facilitates the deployment of offshore wind technology.

The Philippines' Renewable Energy Initiatives

The Philippines is also tapping into offshore wind energy as part of its commitment to sustainable development. The Department of Energy has outlined plans to install 3,000 MW of offshore wind capacity by 2030. This initiative is part of the country's broader goal to increase the share of renewables in its energy mix to 35% by 2030.

Several offshore wind projects are in various stages of development, including the 2.5 GW offshore wind farm proposed by the company, which aims to supply clean energy to the Luzon grid. The Philippine government is actively engaging with international investors to attract funding and expertise to support the growth of the offshore wind sector.

Investment Trends in Offshore Wind Energy

The surge in offshore wind energy projects in Southeast Asia is attracting significant investment. According to a report by the Global Wind Energy Council, investments in offshore wind energy in the region are expected to reach $25 billion by 2030. This influx of capital is crucial for developing infrastructure, technology, and local expertise to support the growth of the sector.

International companies are increasingly looking to Southeast Asia as a promising market for offshore wind energy. Partnerships between local and foreign firms are becoming common, facilitating knowledge transfer and technology sharing. These collaborations are essential for overcoming challenges related to project financing, regulatory hurdles, and supply chain development.

Challenges Facing Offshore Wind Development

Despite the promising outlook for offshore wind energy in Southeast Asia, several challenges remain. One of the primary obstacles is the lack of a comprehensive regulatory framework that supports the development and operation of offshore wind projects. Many countries in the region are still in the process of establishing policies and guidelines that will facilitate investment and ensure environmental protection.

Additionally, the high initial costs associated with offshore wind projects can deter investment. The construction of offshore wind farms requires significant capital, and the long-term return on investment can be uncertain. To address this issue, governments in the region are exploring various financing mechanisms, including public-private partnerships and incentives for renewable energy development.

Global Context and Future Outlook

The growing interest in offshore wind energy in Southeast Asia aligns with global trends in renewable energy. As countries around the world strive to meet climate goals and transition to cleaner energy sources, offshore wind power is emerging as a key player in the renewable energy landscape. The International Energy Agency (IEA) projects that global offshore wind capacity could reach 1,400 GW by 2040, highlighting the potential for growth in this sector.

As Southeast Asia embraces offshore wind energy, the region is positioning itself as a significant contributor to the global renewable energy market. The commitment to developing offshore wind projects not only addresses local energy needs but also aligns with international efforts to combat climate change and promote sustainable development.

In conclusion, Southeast Asia's investment in offshore wind energy represents a critical step towards achieving energy security and sustainability. The region's diverse initiatives and ambitious targets signal a strong commitment to harnessing renewable energy resources, paving the way for a cleaner, more sustainable future.

Sources

• https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMixAFBVV95cUxOMGZqODF0cUg4bnNJeGliR3JqcWNiUGNxRG1NYVBMV05fUF9BOUVsUk5SS05TTENDVG9yYnRKTVlYdUtzZWtDMTJxdEFRTmV0ZmdyUTktWE9SMllJUEwwZmR2bFNGMlRmcWQ0bUt3dTFtRmc1dmQ2dm5iRDY2cXVRbjA0SXZlUXF4V29aQ2FQUlE4aXVKYllWYWhtMnpXaVQxVElza0JuQVpOSWcyb0xNN0F4c2s2bEc4S1ZPNlJWRE40UE1O?oc=5

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Energy demand boom keeps Asia tethered to coal - The Japan Times

Published December 10, 2025

Energy Demand Surge Continues to Anchor Asia to Coal

As the global energy landscape evolves, Asia finds itself in a complex predicament. The region is experiencing a significant surge in energy demand, which is leading many countries to maintain a reliance on coal, despite the ongoing transition toward renewable energy sources. This reliance on fossil fuels raises concerns about environmental impacts and sustainability, as well as the region's ability to meet its climate targets.

The International Energy Agency (IEA) has projected that Asia will account for nearly 60% of the world's energy demand growth over the next decade. This increase is primarily driven by rapid economic growth, urbanization, and a rising population, particularly in countries like China and India. As these nations strive to power their economies and improve living standards, coal remains a primary source of energy due to its affordability and abundance.

China, the world's largest consumer of coal, is a central player in this energy dynamic. The country’s coal consumption is expected to rise, even as it invests heavily in renewable energy technologies. In 2022, China’s coal consumption surged by 5.5%, reaching 4.5 billion tons, as the country grappled with energy shortages and a rebound in industrial activity following the COVID-19 pandemic. The government has reaffirmed its commitment to coal as a key component of its energy strategy, despite pledges to peak carbon emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.

India is also experiencing a similar trend. The nation’s energy demand is projected to grow significantly, driven by its expanding economy and population. The Indian government has set ambitious targets for renewable energy, aiming to reach 500 gigawatts of non-fossil fuel capacity by 2030. However, coal remains a cornerstone of India’s energy mix, accounting for about 70% of the country’s electricity generation. In 2022, India’s coal production reached a record high of over 800 million tons, reflecting the ongoing reliance on this fossil fuel to meet energy needs.

Other countries in Asia are also grappling with similar challenges. Indonesia, for instance, is one of the largest coal exporters globally and continues to prioritize coal in its energy policy. The government has set a target to increase coal production to 600 million tons by 2030, despite international pressure to transition to cleaner energy sources. The Philippines, too, is expanding its coal capacity, with several new coal-fired power plants under construction, as it seeks to address energy security concerns amidst rising demand.

While the push for renewable energy is gaining momentum across the region, the transition is often hindered by economic realities and infrastructure challenges. Many Asian countries face significant barriers to scaling up renewable energy, including limited access to financing, inadequate grid infrastructure, and regulatory hurdles. These factors contribute to a continued reliance on coal as a primary energy source.

The environmental implications of this continued dependence on coal are profound. Burning coal releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants, contributing to climate change and air quality issues. According to the IEA, coal-fired power generation is responsible for approximately 40% of global CO2 emissions. As Asian countries ramp up coal production and consumption, they risk undermining global efforts to combat climate change.

Renewable energy advocates argue that the region must accelerate its transition to cleaner energy sources to mitigate these risks. Solar and wind energy, in particular, have seen substantial growth in recent years, with countries like China and India leading the charge in renewable capacity installations. However, the pace of this transition is often overshadowed by the ongoing investments in coal infrastructure.

Governments in Asia are under increasing pressure from both domestic and international stakeholders to address their coal dependence. Environmental groups and climate activists are calling for stronger policies to phase out coal and promote renewable energy. The global community is also urging Asian nations to commit to more ambitious climate goals, particularly in light of the Paris Agreement and subsequent climate summits.

In response to these pressures, some countries are beginning to take steps toward reducing their coal reliance. For instance, China has announced plans to limit the construction of new coal-fired power plants and increase investments in renewable energy. India is also exploring options for transitioning to cleaner energy sources, including expanding its solar and wind capacity.

Despite these efforts, the path to a sustainable energy future in Asia remains fraught with challenges. The region's energy demand is expected to continue rising, and the reliance on coal is likely to persist in the near term. The IEA estimates that coal will still account for over 40% of the global energy mix by 2040, with Asia playing a significant role in this trajectory.

As the energy landscape continues to evolve, the balance between economic growth, energy security, and environmental sustainability will be critical for Asian countries. Policymakers must navigate these competing interests while striving to meet both energy demands and climate commitments.

In conclusion, the energy demand boom in Asia is keeping many countries tethered to coal, despite the increasing urgency to transition to renewable energy sources. As the region grapples with the complexities of economic growth and environmental sustainability, the future of energy in Asia will depend on the ability to balance these critical factors. The ongoing reliance on coal presents significant challenges, but it also offers an opportunity for innovation and investment in clean energy technologies that could reshape the region's energy landscape in the years to come.

Sources

• https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiiAFBVV95cUxONG91bHRSZU81SXNVOHhuTzhOUXdEU1lBLU1TQy03WXBmN0ZBNWpXZ1BzOWhBWUJOTHo1bVZ4SV9lWVU1ZnRjV2V5ZXFlZTM4amlJX0Faay1aQmxoTHBWcHMwcmZaTlRsS0F5VDg3YTdjQWh6a09xWjVUa04wZ2tHd0I1RGpUQ0pk?oc=5

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Tactics to Dump Coal Are Failing in Asia as Energy Demand Booms - Bloomberg.com

Published December 10, 2025

Tactics to Phase Out Coal Are Struggling in Asia Amid Rising Energy Demand

As the demand for energy in Asia continues to surge, efforts to reduce reliance on coal are facing significant challenges. The region's economic growth and increasing energy needs are complicating the transition to cleaner energy sources, highlighting the difficulties in moving away from coal, which has long been a cornerstone of energy production in many Asian countries.

Coal remains a dominant source of energy in Asia, particularly in nations like China and India, where rapid industrialization and urbanization have driven up electricity consumption. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), Asia accounted for nearly 80% of the world's coal consumption in 2022. This trend shows no signs of abating, as energy demand is projected to continue growing in the coming years.

Despite global commitments to combat climate change and the push for renewable energy, many Asian countries are struggling to balance their energy needs with environmental goals. The region's heavy reliance on coal for electricity generation presents a significant barrier to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In 2022, coal-fired power plants generated approximately 60% of the electricity produced in Asia, underscoring the challenges faced by governments attempting to transition to cleaner energy sources.

Government Policies and Coal Dependency

Asian governments have implemented various policies aimed at phasing out coal, including financial incentives for renewable energy projects and commitments to reduce carbon emissions. However, these initiatives often clash with the immediate energy needs of their populations. For instance, many countries are prioritizing energy security and affordability over environmental concerns, leading to a continued reliance on coal.

In China, the government has set ambitious targets for renewable energy development, aiming to have non-fossil fuel sources account for 25% of the country's energy mix by 2030. However, despite significant investments in solar and wind energy, coal consumption has remained high as the country grapples with soaring electricity demand. The IEA projects that China's coal consumption will remain stable through the early 2030s, even as renewable energy capacity expands.

India faces similar challenges. The country has made commitments to increase its renewable energy capacity to 500 gigawatts by 2030, but coal continues to play a crucial role in its energy landscape. The Indian government has emphasized the need for energy access and affordability, often resulting in the continued use of coal-fired power plants to meet growing electricity demand.

Economic Factors Driving Coal Use

The economic landscape in Asia further complicates the transition away from coal. The region's developing economies rely heavily on coal as a low-cost energy source. In many cases, coal-fired power plants are already in place, and transitioning to alternative energy sources requires substantial investment in infrastructure and technology.

For instance, Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam and Indonesia have plans to expand their coal-fired power generation capacity to meet rising energy demands. In Vietnam, coal is expected to remain a primary energy source, with projections indicating that coal-fired power plants will account for nearly 50% of the country's electricity generation by 2030. This reliance on coal is driven by the need to provide affordable electricity to a rapidly growing population.

Moreover, the global energy crisis exacerbated by geopolitical tensions and supply chain disruptions has led many Asian countries to prioritize energy security. As a result, some nations have delayed or scaled back their commitments to phase out coal, opting instead to ensure a stable energy supply for their citizens.

Investment in Renewable Energy

While coal remains prevalent, there is a growing recognition of the need to invest in renewable energy sources. Governments and private investors are increasingly channeling funds into solar, wind, and hydroelectric projects. The IEA estimates that investment in renewable energy in Asia reached approximately $300 billion in 2022, indicating a strong commitment to diversifying the energy mix.

China leads the world in renewable energy investment, with significant advancements in solar and wind technologies. The country has become the largest producer of solar panels and wind turbines, contributing to the global transition toward cleaner energy. However, the rapid expansion of renewable energy capacity is often overshadowed by the continued growth of coal consumption.

India is also making strides in renewable energy, with substantial investments in solar projects and wind farms. The government has launched various initiatives to promote clean energy, including the National Solar Mission and the Wind Energy Mission. Nevertheless, the pace of renewable energy adoption is often outpaced by the demand for electricity, resulting in continued reliance on coal.

International Pressure and Climate Commitments

International pressure to reduce coal consumption is mounting, with global climate agreements pushing countries to commit to lower carbon emissions. The Paris Agreement, for instance, aims to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius, prompting many nations to reevaluate their energy strategies.

However, the transition away from coal is often met with resistance from stakeholders who prioritize economic growth and energy security. In some cases, governments have faced backlash from communities dependent on coal-related jobs, complicating efforts to implement cleaner energy policies.

Despite these challenges, there are signs of progress. Several Asian countries are exploring innovative solutions to integrate renewable energy into their grids, such as energy storage technologies and smart grid systems. These advancements could help address the intermittency issues associated with renewable energy sources, making them more viable alternatives to coal.

Conclusion: The Path Forward

The struggle to reduce coal dependency in Asia underscores the complexities of transitioning to a more sustainable energy future. As energy demand continues to rise, the region faces significant challenges in balancing economic growth, energy security, and environmental sustainability.

While commitments to renewable energy are growing, the reliance on coal remains a significant hurdle. Continued investment in clean energy technologies, along with supportive government policies and international cooperation, will be crucial in navigating this transition. The path forward will require a concerted effort from governments, businesses, and communities to foster a sustainable energy landscape that meets the needs of the present while safeguarding the future.

Sources

• https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMitAFBVV95cUxNb0RVX2cxUlFNWk5rNzd4Sjh5VjlYcGNYcE00aHlWRTRtUk8tX3JlTWRrSE5rMmliOXB2ZF8zVzlYTmxLOEZveTlYdmRwcUMtWVNmUWRyMDBfX0pUZHk5dDdaenNrMDdmTXR0RGYwSHFDTVRwOG5HaEhidC1jTnlQaWxodkVUOTF6Smk5WTdKWmdia2w3aDR4UjR0N0lmWDRKUmZOcTZYXzFrZUdac1VoVFlZM0E?oc=5

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• None

1st Large Solar Plant in East Timor: 72 MW solar PV - saurenergy.asia

Published December 10, 2025

East Timor's First Large-Scale Solar Power Plant: A 72 MW Solar PV Initiative

East Timor is set to enhance its renewable energy landscape with the introduction of its first large-scale solar power plant, which boasts a capacity of 72 megawatts (MW). This significant development marks a pivotal step towards the nation’s commitment to sustainable energy solutions and reducing its reliance on fossil fuels.

The solar photovoltaic (PV) project is part of a broader initiative aimed at bolstering energy security and promoting environmental sustainability in East Timor. The plant is expected to provide a substantial contribution to the country’s energy mix, which has historically been dominated by imported diesel and other non-renewable sources.

Located in the municipality of Dili, the capital city, the new solar power facility will harness the abundant sunlight that East Timor receives throughout the year. The geographical positioning of the country, combined with its equatorial climate, makes it an ideal location for solar energy generation. The project is anticipated to produce clean energy that will benefit both residential and commercial consumers, ultimately leading to a decrease in electricity costs.

Project Details and Implementation Timeline

The 72 MW solar PV plant is a result of collaboration between the East Timorese government and various international partners, showcasing a commitment to fostering renewable energy investments in the region. The project is expected to be completed in phases, with the first phase commencing shortly and projected to be operational within the next two years.

Once operational, the solar plant will generate approximately 120 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of electricity annually. This output is estimated to supply power to around 50,000 households, significantly improving access to electricity in a country where energy poverty remains a pressing issue. The plant will also contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, aligning with global efforts to combat climate change.

Economic and Environmental Impact

The introduction of the solar PV plant is expected to have a positive economic impact on East Timor. By investing in renewable energy infrastructure, the country aims to create job opportunities in both the construction and operational phases of the project. Local communities will benefit from employment opportunities, training programs, and skill development initiatives related to renewable energy technologies.

In addition to economic benefits, the solar plant will play a crucial role in reducing the environmental footprint of East Timor. By shifting towards renewable energy sources, the country aims to decrease its carbon emissions and mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. The project aligns with East Timor's National Energy Policy, which emphasizes the importance of sustainable energy development and aims to achieve a 50% share of renewable energy in the national energy mix by 2030.

Government Support and Policy Framework

The East Timorese government has expressed strong support for the solar PV initiative, recognizing its potential to transform the energy sector. The government has established a policy framework that encourages investment in renewable energy projects, providing incentives for both local and foreign investors. This supportive environment is crucial for attracting investment and facilitating the growth of the renewable energy sector in East Timor.

Moreover, the government is actively seeking partnerships with international organizations and development agencies to enhance the technical and financial viability of renewable energy projects. These collaborations are aimed at ensuring that the implementation of the solar plant adheres to international standards and best practices in renewable energy development.

Future Prospects for Renewable Energy in East Timor

The establishment of the 72 MW solar PV plant is just the beginning of East Timor's journey towards a sustainable energy future. The government is exploring additional renewable energy projects, including wind and hydroelectric power, to diversify the energy portfolio and increase the overall capacity of renewable energy generation.

As East Timor continues to develop its renewable energy resources, the focus will remain on enhancing energy access for all citizens, promoting energy efficiency, and reducing dependence on imported fossil fuels. The commitment to renewable energy aligns with global trends and reflects a growing recognition of the importance of sustainable energy solutions for economic development and environmental protection.

In conclusion, the launch of East Timor's first large-scale solar power plant represents a significant milestone in the country's renewable energy journey. With a capacity of 72 MW, this project is poised to deliver clean, sustainable energy to thousands of households while contributing to the nation’s economic growth and environmental sustainability goals. As the project progresses, it will serve as a model for future renewable energy initiatives in the region, paving the way for a greener and more sustainable future for East Timor.

Sources

• https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMihgFBVV95cUxQMHpIZENwdExhbHNZdkxLT3RiOTItWHRvanZvcjd2eHYyaWlRR3hRZk5ham0zU1Y3TVpEX2FvMGVxUjdDU0pybHQ3bFF3anFyNHloTUhMa3RweHZRUW9jU1h3V3FiSF81TkZSc1pNUjRXdkw3UTVnY1JISjJGMHF5U1hnVWJydw?oc=5

Sources

• None

2025 review of climate ambition in Asia and the Pacific : readiness for NDC implementation - ESCAP

Published December 10, 2025

2025 Review of Climate Ambition in Asia and the Pacific: Readiness for NDC Implementation

The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) has released a comprehensive report assessing the readiness of countries in the region to implement their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) in light of the 2025 review of climate ambition. This report underscores the critical need for enhanced climate action and provides a detailed analysis of the current state of climate commitments across Asia and the Pacific.

The report highlights that the Asia-Pacific region is at a pivotal juncture in its climate journey. With a diverse range of economies, from developing nations to more advanced economies, the region faces unique challenges and opportunities in addressing climate change. The assessment focuses on the progress made by countries in fulfilling their NDCs, which are central to the global response to climate change as outlined in the Paris Agreement.

Current Status of NDC Implementation

As of now, many countries in the Asia-Pacific region have submitted their NDCs, which detail their climate action plans and targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, the report indicates that the level of ambition varies significantly among countries. Some nations have set ambitious targets, while others have been slower to develop and implement their commitments.

The report reveals that, despite some progress, the overall implementation of NDCs in the region remains insufficient to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement. Many countries are struggling with various barriers, including financial constraints, lack of technical expertise, and limited institutional capacity. These challenges hinder the effective execution of climate policies and initiatives.

Key Findings from the Report

ESCAP's report provides several key findings regarding the readiness of countries in the Asia-Pacific region for NDC implementation:

• Financial Resources: Access to adequate financing is crucial for the successful implementation of NDCs. The report notes that many countries are reliant on international support and investment to fund their climate initiatives. However, the availability of such funding remains inconsistent, which poses a significant barrier to progress.
• Capacity Building: There is a pressing need for capacity building and technical assistance to enable countries to develop and implement effective climate strategies. The report emphasizes the importance of enhancing local expertise and institutional frameworks to support NDC implementation.
• Stakeholder Engagement: Engaging stakeholders, including local communities, businesses, and civil society, is essential for the successful execution of NDCs. The report highlights that countries that have effectively involved a wide range of stakeholders tend to show better progress in their climate ambitions.
• Monitoring and Reporting: Effective monitoring and reporting mechanisms are critical for tracking progress on NDCs. The report points out that many countries lack robust systems for monitoring their emissions and assessing the effectiveness of their climate actions.

Regional Cooperation and Support

The report underscores the importance of regional cooperation in enhancing climate ambition and facilitating NDC implementation. ESCAP calls for increased collaboration among countries to share best practices, resources, and technical expertise. Regional initiatives can play a vital role in supporting countries in their climate efforts and fostering a collective response to the climate crisis.

Additionally, the report emphasizes the need for stronger partnerships between governments, the private sector, and international organizations. Such collaborations can help mobilize the necessary resources and expertise to drive climate action in the region.

Looking Ahead: The 2025 Review

The 2025 review of climate ambition presents a critical opportunity for countries in the Asia-Pacific region to reassess their commitments and enhance their climate actions. The ESCAP report serves as a timely reminder of the need for countries to evaluate their progress and set more ambitious targets to align with the goals of the Paris Agreement.

As nations prepare for the 2025 review, the report encourages governments to prioritize the following actions:

• Strengthening NDCs: Countries should consider enhancing the ambition of their NDCs by setting more stringent targets for greenhouse gas emissions reductions and outlining clear pathways for achieving these goals.
• Enhancing Implementation Strategies: Developing comprehensive implementation strategies that address financial, technical, and institutional barriers is essential. This includes identifying funding sources, building capacity, and establishing effective monitoring systems.
• Fostering Inclusivity: Ensuring that climate action is inclusive and equitable is crucial. Engaging marginalized communities and vulnerable populations in the decision-making process can enhance the effectiveness and fairness of climate initiatives.

Conclusion

The ESCAP report on the readiness for NDC implementation in the Asia-Pacific region highlights the critical need for enhanced climate ambition and action. While progress has been made, significant challenges remain that must be addressed to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement. As countries prepare for the 2025 review of climate ambition, it is essential to prioritize collaboration, capacity building, and stakeholder engagement to drive effective climate action across the region.

In conclusion, the path forward requires a concerted effort from all stakeholders to ensure that the Asia-Pacific region can rise to the challenge of climate change and contribute to a sustainable and resilient future for all.

Sources

• https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMibkFVX3lxTFBPVnN2OVA4NGhWNm5RU1hGRmFNNjJYTkEyRUVCY1U5Z2NRbzhIbFljMldJLUJkcl9ibnVpd2dJckNUaVdmTVBKc3F3ZE9iUHBlU0hoeGplRU5sa2xkdS1zcTRkX3dNb3NHUlhfc2Fn?oc=5

Sources

• None