India’s clean energy strategy hedges its autonomy - East Asia Forum
Published February 06, 2026
India’s Clean Energy Strategy: A Path to Autonomy
India is currently navigating a transformative phase in its energy landscape, with a focus on clean energy initiatives that aim to bolster its autonomy. The country has set an ambitious target of achieving 500 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity by 2030, a move that reflects its commitment to sustainable energy sources and environmental stewardship. This strategy not only addresses domestic energy needs but also positions India as a significant player in the global clean energy market.
The Indian government has recognized the critical importance of renewable energy in achieving energy security and reducing dependence on fossil fuel imports. As one of the largest consumers of coal, India is faced with the dual challenge of meeting its growing energy demands while also addressing environmental concerns. The country’s energy transition is pivotal in the global fight against climate change and is part of its broader commitment to the Paris Agreement.
Investment and Policy Framework
To support its clean energy ambitions, India has introduced a range of policies aimed at attracting investment and fostering innovation in the renewable sector. The government has implemented various schemes, such as the Solar Park Scheme and the National Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy, which are designed to enhance the deployment of renewable energy technologies. Additionally, the introduction of the Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme aims to boost domestic manufacturing of solar panels and batteries, thereby reducing reliance on imports.
According to the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), India has already achieved significant milestones in its renewable energy capacity. As of early 2023, the total installed renewable energy capacity stood at approximately 168 GW, accounting for around 40% of the total power capacity. This progress underscores India’s potential to lead in the renewable energy sector, particularly in solar and wind energy.
Solar Energy Development
Solar energy has emerged as a cornerstone of India’s clean energy strategy. The country is endowed with abundant solar resources, receiving approximately 300 sunny days per year. To capitalize on this potential, the Indian government has launched several initiatives aimed at promoting solar energy adoption. The flagship Solar Mission aims to achieve 100 GW of solar power capacity by 2022, a goal that has since been extended to 300 GW by 2030.
In addition to large-scale solar projects, the government is also promoting decentralized solar systems to enhance energy access in rural areas. The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (PM-KUSUM) scheme encourages farmers to install solar pumps and sell surplus electricity back to the grid, thereby providing them with an additional source of income.
Wind Energy Potential
Wind energy is another critical component of India’s renewable energy strategy. The country has the fourth-largest installed wind power capacity in the world, with over 40 GW as of 2023. The government has set a target of achieving 60 GW of wind power capacity by 2022, which has been extended to 140 GW by 2030. The coastal regions of India, particularly in states like Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, and Maharashtra, offer significant potential for wind energy generation.
To facilitate the growth of wind energy, the government has streamlined the process for obtaining permits and has introduced policies to promote offshore wind projects. These initiatives aim to harness the vast wind resources available along the Indian coastline, further diversifying the country’s energy mix.
Energy Storage and Grid Modernization
A critical aspect of India’s clean energy strategy is the development of energy storage solutions and the modernization of the power grid. As renewable energy sources like solar and wind are intermittent, energy storage systems are essential for ensuring a reliable power supply. The government is actively promoting research and development in battery technologies and has set ambitious targets for battery manufacturing.
Furthermore, the integration of renewable energy into the existing grid infrastructure is crucial for achieving energy security. The government is investing in smart grid technologies that enhance grid resilience and facilitate the efficient distribution of electricity. These advancements will enable better management of renewable energy resources and support the transition to a low-carbon economy.
International Cooperation and Global Leadership
India’s clean energy strategy is not only focused on domestic objectives but also emphasizes international cooperation. The country has established partnerships with various nations to promote renewable energy technologies and share best practices. Initiatives such as the International Solar Alliance (ISA) aim to mobilize solar energy resources on a global scale, fostering collaboration among countries to accelerate the deployment of solar technologies.
India’s leadership in the ISA reflects its commitment to addressing climate change and promoting sustainable development. The alliance brings together over 120 countries, providing a platform for sharing knowledge and resources to enhance solar energy adoption worldwide.
Challenges and the Road Ahead
Despite the significant progress made in the renewable energy sector, India faces several challenges that could impede its clean energy transition. These include regulatory hurdles, financing constraints, and the need for technological advancements. The government is aware of these challenges and is working to create a conducive environment for renewable energy investments.
Additionally, the transition to renewable energy must be inclusive, ensuring that the benefits reach all segments of society. Efforts to promote energy access in rural areas and support local communities in the renewable energy transition are essential for achieving equitable outcomes.
Conclusion
India’s clean energy strategy represents a comprehensive approach to achieving energy autonomy while addressing environmental concerns. With ambitious targets, supportive policies, and a commitment to international cooperation, the country is well-positioned to become a leader in the global renewable energy landscape. As India continues to expand its renewable energy capacity, it will play a crucial role in shaping a sustainable future for both its citizens and the planet.
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